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The Tyger By William Blake Essay - 969 Words

The Tyger is a six-stanza poem written by an American poet, William Blake. This poem has many interpretation, in a way you could say it is a biblical as well as a symbolic poem, as ‘The Tyger’ is actually the contrast to one of Blake s other poem, The Lamb, both poems are from the book of â€Å"Songs of Innocence and Experience†. If you are familiar with the Christian Bible, it states â€Å"Jesus is the Lamb of God.† The Tyger is comprised of unanswered questions as to who could have created a terrifying creature, a tiger. As if the lamb represented the good in the world, while the tiger represent the evil. Blake’s purpose of this poem in its complexity was to show its readers the contrary nature of the soul and human thought. Therefore, this paper will inform the audiences of the author’s symbolism, form, metaphor, etc., of the poem. According ‘Bachelor and Master.com’, Blake has based â€Å"The Tyger† on his personal philosophy of spiritual and intellectual revolution by individuals. The website also stated, â€Å"The Tyger is a symbolic tiger which represents the fierce force in the human soul. It is created in the fire of imagination by the God who has a supreme imagination, spiritually and ideals† (The Tyger: William Blake - Summary and Critical Analysis). Within the first stanza it describe the tiger in its natural habitat â€Å"Tyger, Tyger, burning bright in the forests of the night,† then opens up with the question â€Å"What immortal hand or eye could frame thy fearful symmetry†. ‘BurningShow MoreRelatedWilliam Blake : The Tyger900 Words   |  4 PagesFerociously Created (Favorite Poem Written by William Blake: The Tyger) Poetry often has a way of speaking to certain people. Maybe not everyone can connect to every poem, but more so a specific poem. Maybe they can relate something that happened to them in their life that is similar to that in the poetry. Many times that is the case, sometimes others just simply like poems as well. They hear the words that it is saying and get exactly what it is trying to say and it speaks to them. This is a greatRead MoreThe Tyger By William Blake1168 Words   |  5 Pagesto question their God and the way the world is. William Blake’s compilation of poems called the Songs of Innocence and Experience questions the good and evil in the daily lives of human beings. This collection of poems includes The Tyger, a partnered poem in the series with The Lamb. Blake offers a new way of interpreting God through His creations in The Tyger. Blake demonstrates the fierceness of the tyger’s creator throughout the poem. The tyger is viewed as a vicious creature that pe ople viewRead MoreThe Tyger By William Blake1290 Words   |  6 Pageswould place their trust in the blacksmith to forge high quality armour and weapons. The blacksmith was held in high regard for a lower-class citizen, and became a sort of anomaly in the hierarchy of a kingdom. William Blake evokes the image of a blacksmith as creator in his poem â€Å"The Tyger† to comment on the social and political situations of the times. He chooses a rough, rude and labour-driven artist as a way of rejecting the aesthetic features of art for more practical, albeit destructive formsRead MoreThe poem The Tyger by William Blake877 Words   |  3 PagesThese wise words of King James verse (1:5) of the bible portrays an underlying message that although we should follow in God’s path, we are not expected to follow blindly. Likewise, in the poem â€Å"The Tyger† by William Blake, it’s theme is a reflection of what this quote implies. Throughout this poem, Blake explores the possibility of questioning God while using the structure of the poem, as well as the irony of God’s character, and several sound devices in hopes of communicating a message, that to questionRead MoreThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake1330 Words   |  6 PagesWilliam Blake is an English poet, painter, and printmaker from the eighteenth century. With his unique way with words and mastery craftsmanship, he created an illustration collection of poems called Songs of Innocence and Experience in 1789. His most famous poems from Songs of Innocence and Experience are â€Å"The Lamb and The Tyger†. These poems use animals to attest to God’s role as the Creator, yet they possess contrasting tones and language of the speaker and present conflicting views of God’s powerRead MoreWilliam Blake s The Tyger1132 Words   |  5 PagesWilliam Blake’s â€Å"The Tyger† and Tragedies William Blake wrote a set of poems in his collection Songs of Innocence and Songs of Experience. Some of the poems in each collection were meant to be read together to show the difference between innocence and experience. Many people question why Blake wrote a two part series to his poems and what they could actually mean. Two specific poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger,† were meant to be read together. â€Å"The Lamb† is a part of Blake’s Songs of Innocence andRead MoreThe Lamb And The Tyger By William Blake996 Words   |  4 Pagescreated, that are in heaven, and that are in earth, visible and invisible† (Colossians 1:16). William Blake wrote poems about this very subject. In his twin poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake uses different literary techniques such as sound, imagery and symbolism to echo the common theme of creation along with how it is viewed differently. William Blake’s use of sound in his poems, â€Å"The Lamb† and â€Å"The Tyger†, enhance the central idea of creation and the question of how one God can create such differentRead MoreSymbolism In The Tyger By William Blake901 Words   |  4 Pagespower must be brought into question. William Blake’s poem â€Å"The Tyger† accurately portrays this reality and brings this thinking of God into the light with his poem. In â€Å"The Tyger†, William Blake uses rhyme scheme, figurative language, and symbolism to convey the question of why God would allow for there to be evil, and create evil Himself. Blake’s use of rhyme scheme throughout the poem adds a rhythm and set pattern in the poem. For example, in â€Å"The Tyger†, Blake uses the rhyme scheme AABB throughoutRead MoreThe Tyger And The Lamb By William Blake991 Words   |  4 Pagesand event that has ever existed may have had bad effects in one situation, but good effects for another situation. And every human, by extension, has aspects about them that can be viewed as both good and evil. In his poems, â€Å"The Tyger† and, â€Å"The Lamb†, author William Blake explores the ideas of duality, and how each thing must have an equal opposite. He uses both these poems to further ruminate on this dichotomy and brings up many questions in the context of religion. He seeks to point out that inRead MoreThe Lamb and The Tyger by William Blake Essay1758 Words   |  8 Pages William Blake, a unique poet of the literary canon, is one of the most critiqued poets of all time. Having a rather unique stylistic approach to topics, especially religion, Blake seems to contradict himself in his own writing and, therefore, sparks questions in the readers’ minds on specific subjects. Two of his poems in particular have been widely critiqued and viewed in various lights. â€Å"The Tyger,† written in 1774, and â€Å"The Lamb,† written five years later in 1789, are considered companion poems

Branding Proposal Free Essays

Done is a small, personally owned public relations agency that specializes in event activations. C-Ad’s strong suits are in image creation, coordinating, promoting and managing public events. The activities that are provided, ensures the client’s target customers to understand and remember their brand without having a second to think. We will write a custom essay sample on Branding Proposal or any similar topic only for you Order Now Our target customers are start-up business, rising small businesses and expanding businesses. These clients are in need of outsourced public relations in order to gain more information of what the external dimension of their company is in need of. By magnifying our trained, experienced and valued employees, Commanded will definitely earn its spot in the public relations map in advance than planned. Furthermore, by the owner having good relationships in the fashion and entertainment business this will be a competitive advantage on getting the appropriate press for the event activations. Commanded will use the traditional 3 ways of promotion, which are; 1 . Offline marketing Print ads (magazine, newspaper, flyers, posters) Television/ radio commercials Coordinate events for the opening events and get involved with charity work to get some reputation and a name in the industry because normally, charity events involves a lot of pres and celebrities, furthermore, by building a good relationship with the charity companies and celebrities, it will automatically attract the public eye. 2. Online marketing 2. 1 . 2. 2. 2. 3. Twitter, Faceable and Mainstream Pop-up ads E-mail blasts (different from spam) 3. Word of mouth 3. 1 . Relying on the relationship that has been made from events, Commanded are hoping and sure that all of our future customers will be satisfied and will recommend our services to family and friends. Our agency’s target audiences are; I Start-up business, New businesses that still do not have any recognition from the community and most importantly from their target customers. Ii Rising small businesses and Small business whom are known in the coal surroundings market but wants to expand into the bigger community. Ii Expanding businesses Business whom are already known but still wants to branch out, and host opening parties which will involve press and possibly spokes person. How to cite Branding Proposal, Papers

Infection Control Procedures

Question: Discuss about the Infection Control Procedures. Answer: Introduction This assignment aims to discuss all the aspects of infection control procedures in the dental clinic for preventing and avoiding contamination of patients as well as the dental clinic staff with microorganism that may cause diseases. The pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and prions cause infections and different forms of diseases that are deadly in nature such as typhoid, diphtheria and pneumonia. In a dental clinic, the most prevalent type of infections that may occur includes blood born infections and infections occurring from the saliva of the patient. A discussion regarding the procedures of controlling infection, room decontamination and the different will be discussed. In addition, it will also discuss the importance of cross infection of microorganisms in the dental office along with the procedures that are involved in the prevention of contamination procedures of sterilization between the patients and the dental professionals. Infection control involves the procedures that are employed in the healthcare setting for controlling the spreading of infections. It is necessary for all the healthcare professionals to be alert regarding the area in which they work and the type of infections and diseases they may encounter on regular basis. The dental healthcare professionals should have an awareness regarding all the potential factors of risk in their working environment particularly when they have a contact with the patients. The aspects of prevention and control are important for the safety of the patients as well as the staff of the dental clinic. It deals with the procedures that can be employed for controlling the spread of blood-borne diseases and their process of emerging. The professionals of dental care have an obligation for maintaining the standards of practice and follow the procedures for controlling the spread of infections. In a dental clinic, the dentists should have knowledge for maintain the cons istency of their profession and safeguard the health of their patients (Darby and Walsh 2014). Infection Control Procedures in the Dental clinic Hand Hygiene for dental staff In a dental clinic, maintaining hand hygiene is the initial and most important step before beginning the work. It controls the spreading of pathogens and is mandatory in all the healthcare clinics. According to the Center for Disease Control and Infection, effective hand washing is a vital measure to prevent the spreading of pathogens (Wright et al. 2013). In addition, the drying of hands after washing is also an essential part of the procedure of hand washing. Dentists have an obligation to wash their hands before as well as after coming in contact with the tools, equipments and gloves while dealing with the patients. They must wash their hands properly in order to control the spreading of infections. For drying the hands paper towels can be used as it reduces the number of bacteria that are present on the hands and exhibit no significant spreading of microorganisms. According to khan et al. (2012), Jet air dryers can be used, which has the capability to blow the microorganisms from the hands up to two meters away. In addition, a warm air hand dryer can be used which can blow the microorganisms up to 0.5 meters away effectively (Mutters et al. 2014). Sterilization in dental Clinic Sterilization is a method for killing and destroying the microorganisms particularly the spores of bacteria that are most difficult to destroy as they are resistant in nature (Arrow 2015). In dentistry, it is necessary to have an understanding regarding the concept of sterilization as well as disinfection. In the procedure of sterilization, the killing of almost all the microorganisms but in the method of disinfection the killing of microorganisms involves chemical and physical means. It is usually employed for killing the pathogens present on the inanimate objects or surfaces (Nejatidanesh et al. 2013). It does not ensure the level of safety, which is attained in the method of sterilization. Therefore, all the equipments and tools should be sterilized on a regular basis before starting the work. In addition the surfaces should be cleaned with disinfectants and all the materials that have been contaminated must be discarded. There are three most commonly used sterilization methods us ed namely, sterilization by dry heat, sterilization by steam under pressure, also known as autoclaving and sterilization by unsaturated chemical vapor (Khanghahi et al. 2013). In the dental clinics, the instruments that are tolerant to heat should be sterilized by employing the above three methods but one thing should be kept in mind that the compatibility of the instruments should be checked against heat-tolerance. For instance, a few of the instruments may be tolerant with autoclaving but it may not have resistance against dry heat. Therefore, it is essential to know regarding the characteristics of the three discussed methods together with the capability of the instruments of the dental clinic that are meant to be sterilized (Ayatollahi et al. 2012). The instruments can be sterilized by the following: Autoclaving or steam under pressure- Autoclaving is the most widely used method for sterling those types of instruments, which can tolerate heat as well as moisture. Sterilization by means of steam always needs the exposure of the instruments by keeping them with a direct contact with steam usually at a specific temperature and pressure for a required time for killing a d destroying the microorganisms. Autoclaves are available in different ranges from a small tableside model to a large sized (Laheij et al. 2012). Unsaturated chemical vapor-It involves a similar operating principle like that of the autoclaves but with some significant differences. Like, instead of using the distilled water, the procedure involves heating with a pre-mixed solution. This mixture consists of water and a minimum percentage of formaldehyde, which is 0.23%. Besides that, the temperature and pressure for sterilizing are comparatively higher in comparison to sterilization by autoclaving (Khan et al. 2012). Dry heat- One of the key advantages of this method is that it is cheap. It requires a high temperature and is an extended procedure. Before sterilizing the instruments by this method, it is necessary to dry the instruments. Several dentists have a preference to use dry heat sterilizers in the clinic rather than autoclaving due to the reason that numerous sharp cuttings edges are utilized. Before using, the dry heat sterilizers, the instruction manual should always be checked (Mustafa et al. 2015). The concept of all the sterilization methods along with their procedures is necessary all staff of the dental clinic and in case if they are not familiar with these methods of sterilization, then training and guidance should be provided to them for preventing errors. In addition, the monitoring of sterilization should be carried out on a regular basis by using the biological, chemical and mechanical methods. The monitoring of sterilization can act as a best way for evaluating the conditions of sterilizations together with the effectiveness of the procedures that are carried out for sterilization (Nejatidanesh et al. 2013). Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal protective equipment involves the physical barriers between the healthcare personnel and the potential infectious substance. It helps in preventing and protecting the health care personnel against the materials that are potentially infectious in nature (Haridi et al. 2016). For dental health professionals, the various components of PPE comprise facemasks, show covers, gowns, goggles and gloves. The procedure of using these components should always be determined by the protocols for controlling infection or according to the regulation of the countries. Generally, these equipments are discarded for avoiding the risk of transmitting infections from one patient to the other. PPE is concerned with the prevention of contact with the materials, which are potentially infectious. It creates a physical barrier between the healthcare personnel and the materials that are potentially infectious. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the healthcare personn el for preventing blood-borne infections require PPE. Therefore, the dental staffs should oblige with PPE in their course of work (Oosthuysen, Potgieter and Fossey 2014). Vaccination of the dental staff For ensuring the measures of protection, the dentists need to have vaccination against diseases like hepatitis and diphtheria (Mutters et al. 2014). They dental staff may be exposed to infectious pathogens in the dental clinic. Therefore, they need to receive vaccinations against a number of infectious diseases such as diphtheria, influenza, hepatitis B, rubella and mumps. According to an epidemiological data, the dental staffs are exposed to a number of biological risks in the course of their work and this may result in infections and serious health damage. The practice of vaccination is one of the key tools to prevent the attack of infectious diseases (Bensel et al. 2013). Room decontamination of dental clinic Room decontamination involves the method of categorization of waste in the dental clinic as it helps in avoiding the spreading of microorganisms within as well as out of the dental clinic (Khanghahi et al. 2013). The key requirement of room decontamination is related with the separation of uncontaminated activities with the contaminated ones to minimize the risk of contamination of products, which are sterile. Wastes have been categorized into three types, namely clinical waste, surgical waste and general waste. Clinical wastes have microbes and should be stored in a bin. Surgical waste includes scalpels, needles, endodontic files, broken glass, dental burs and reamers that should be stored in the sharp waste container and should be discarded later on. The general waste can be stored in the general storage bin. It is essential to clean and disinfect the working area at the beginning of the say to the end of the day. All the dental equipments, trays, and the dental chair should be cle aned and disinfected on a daily basis. The dental staff can utilize antiseptic solutions as well as personal protective equipment for ensuring and effective procedure of room decontamination (Haridi et al. 2016). Importance of Cross infection of microorganisms in the dental office In cross contamination, the harmful microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria are transferred from one individual to the other. It can result in severe health complications of the dental staff as well as the patients (Khanghahi et al. 2013). Cross infections depend on the infection source and the body part, which gets affected. In a dental clinic, the transmitting of microorganisms may occur through physical contact, contaminated surgical equipments, sneezing and coughing. This risk of cross infection is more while carrying out medical procedures. It can occur within the body and can spread to the other parts of the body. The most common method for preventing cross infection can be done through aseptic techniques (Hedayati, Marjadi and Askarian 2014). Prevention of contamination between patient and the dental professionals In a dental clinic, the following steps are important in the prevention of contamination between patient and the dental professionals: The dental staff should practice aseptic techniques carefully as it helps in minimizing the the spreading of infections associated with saliva and blood. The instruments of the dental clinic should be organized properly. The dental staff should perform sterilization and disinfection on a daily basis. They should minimize the possible contamination resulting from the dental equipments They should carefully discard the contaminated waste, so that the patients and the dental professionals should not be infected from the pathogens present in the contaminated waste materials. The dental staff must remain healthy and they should be trained in a better to practice the methods for preventing contamination. They must follow the National and local guidelines and must adhere to them for prevent contamination (Webb,Whittle and Schwarz 2015). Conclusion To sum up, all the discussed aspects of infection control procedures in the dental clinic are essential for preventing and avoiding the contamination of patients as well as the staff of the dental clinic with the microorganisms that can cause a number of diseases. The dental professionals must always try to carry out the procedures of infection control for preventing infections and improving the health of the patients who visits the dental clinics. They should always keep one thing in their mind that every patient may be carrier of an infectious pathogen and it can be transmitted to the dental professional and the other patients through contaminated materials and prosthesis. Hence, it is necessary to sterilize and disinfect them before using. On an overall basis, wearing personal protective equipment, room decontamination, sterilization, hand hygiene and vaccination are the most important priorities of the dental prosthetists for minimizing the transmission of microorganisms and prot ecting the patients as well as themselves effectively. References Arrow, P., 2015. Oral health of school children in Western Australia.Australian dental journal. Ayatollahi, J., Ayatollahi, F., Mellat Ardekani, A., Bahrololoomi, R., Ayatollahi, J., Ayatollahi, A. and Owlia, M.B., 2012. Occupational hazards to dental staff.Dental research journal,9(1). Bensel, T., Pollak, R., Stimmelmayr, M. and Hey, J., 2013. Disinfection effect of dental impression tray adhesives.Clinical oral investigations,17(2), pp.497-502. Darby, M.L. and Walsh, M., 2014.Dental hygiene: theory and practice. Elsevier Health Sciences. Haridi, H.K., Al-Ammar, A.S. and Al-Mansour, M.I., 2016. Compliance with infection control standard precautions guidelines: a survey among dental healthcare workers in Hail Region, Saudi Arabia.Journal of Infection Prevention, p.1757177416645344. Hedayati, H., Marjadi, B. and Askarian, M., 2014. Barriers to standard precautions adherence in a dental school in Iran: A qualitative study.American journal of infection control,42(7), pp.750-754. Khan, A.A., Javed, O., Khan, M., Mehboob, B. and Baig, S., 2012. Cross infection control.Pakistan Oral Dental Journal,32(1). Khanghahi, B.M., Jamali, Z., Azar, F.P., Behzad, M.N. and Azami-Aghdash, S., 2013. Knowledge, attitude, practice, and status of infection control among Iranian dentists and dental students: a systematic review.Journal of dental research, dental clinics, dental prospects,7(2), p.55. Laheij, A.M.G.A., Kistler, J.O., Belibasakis, G.N., Vlimaa, H. and De Soet, J.J., 2012. Healthcare-associated viral and bacterial infections in dentistry.Journal of oral microbiology,4. Mustafa, E.A., Humam, A.K. and Al-Mosuli, T.A., 2015. Evaluation of Dental Assistant Awareness Concerning Infection Control Policy of Blood Borne Diseases.Journal of International Dental and Medical Research,8(1), p.21. Mutters, N.T., Hgele, U., Hagenfeld, D., Hellwig, E. and Frank, U., 2014. Compliance with infection control practices in an university hospital dental clinic.GMS Hygiene Infection Control,9(3). Nejatidanesh, F., Khosravi, Z., Goroohi, H., Badrian, H. and Savabi, O., 2013. Risk of contamination of different areas of dentist's face during dental practices.International journal of preventive medicine,4(5). Oosthuysen, J., Potgieter, E. and Fossey, A., 2014. Compliance with infection prevention and control in oral healthà ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ care facilities: a global perspective.International dental journal,64(6), pp.297-311. Webb, B.C., Whittle, T. and Schwarz, E., 2015. Oral health and dental care in aged care facilities in New South Wales, Australia. Part 3 concordance between residents' perceptions and a professional dental examination.Gerodontology. Willis, E., Reynolds, L. and Keleher, H. eds., 2016.Understanding the Australian health care system. Elsevier Health Sciences. Wright, J.T., Graham, F., Hayes, C., Ismail, A.I., Noraian, K.W., Weyant, R.J., Tracy, S.L., Hanson, N.B. and Frantsve-Hawley, J., 2013. A systematic review of oral health outcomes produced by dental teams incorporating midlevel providers.The Journal of the American Dental Association,144(1), pp.75-91.

Infection Control Procedures

Question: Discuss about the Infection Control Procedures. Answer: Introduction This assignment aims to discuss all the aspects of infection control procedures in the dental clinic for preventing and avoiding contamination of patients as well as the dental clinic staff with microorganism that may cause diseases. The pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and prions cause infections and different forms of diseases that are deadly in nature such as typhoid, diphtheria and pneumonia. In a dental clinic, the most prevalent type of infections that may occur includes blood born infections and infections occurring from the saliva of the patient. A discussion regarding the procedures of controlling infection, room decontamination and the different will be discussed. In addition, it will also discuss the importance of cross infection of microorganisms in the dental office along with the procedures that are involved in the prevention of contamination procedures of sterilization between the patients and the dental professionals. Infection control involves the procedures that are employed in the healthcare setting for controlling the spreading of infections. It is necessary for all the healthcare professionals to be alert regarding the area in which they work and the type of infections and diseases they may encounter on regular basis. The dental healthcare professionals should have an awareness regarding all the potential factors of risk in their working environment particularly when they have a contact with the patients. The aspects of prevention and control are important for the safety of the patients as well as the staff of the dental clinic. It deals with the procedures that can be employed for controlling the spread of blood-borne diseases and their process of emerging. The professionals of dental care have an obligation for maintaining the standards of practice and follow the procedures for controlling the spread of infections. In a dental clinic, the dentists should have knowledge for maintain the cons istency of their profession and safeguard the health of their patients (Darby and Walsh 2014). Infection Control Procedures in the Dental clinic Hand Hygiene for dental staff In a dental clinic, maintaining hand hygiene is the initial and most important step before beginning the work. It controls the spreading of pathogens and is mandatory in all the healthcare clinics. According to the Center for Disease Control and Infection, effective hand washing is a vital measure to prevent the spreading of pathogens (Wright et al. 2013). In addition, the drying of hands after washing is also an essential part of the procedure of hand washing. Dentists have an obligation to wash their hands before as well as after coming in contact with the tools, equipments and gloves while dealing with the patients. They must wash their hands properly in order to control the spreading of infections. For drying the hands paper towels can be used as it reduces the number of bacteria that are present on the hands and exhibit no significant spreading of microorganisms. According to khan et al. (2012), Jet air dryers can be used, which has the capability to blow the microorganisms from the hands up to two meters away. In addition, a warm air hand dryer can be used which can blow the microorganisms up to 0.5 meters away effectively (Mutters et al. 2014). Sterilization in dental Clinic Sterilization is a method for killing and destroying the microorganisms particularly the spores of bacteria that are most difficult to destroy as they are resistant in nature (Arrow 2015). In dentistry, it is necessary to have an understanding regarding the concept of sterilization as well as disinfection. In the procedure of sterilization, the killing of almost all the microorganisms but in the method of disinfection the killing of microorganisms involves chemical and physical means. It is usually employed for killing the pathogens present on the inanimate objects or surfaces (Nejatidanesh et al. 2013). It does not ensure the level of safety, which is attained in the method of sterilization. Therefore, all the equipments and tools should be sterilized on a regular basis before starting the work. In addition the surfaces should be cleaned with disinfectants and all the materials that have been contaminated must be discarded. There are three most commonly used sterilization methods us ed namely, sterilization by dry heat, sterilization by steam under pressure, also known as autoclaving and sterilization by unsaturated chemical vapor (Khanghahi et al. 2013). In the dental clinics, the instruments that are tolerant to heat should be sterilized by employing the above three methods but one thing should be kept in mind that the compatibility of the instruments should be checked against heat-tolerance. For instance, a few of the instruments may be tolerant with autoclaving but it may not have resistance against dry heat. Therefore, it is essential to know regarding the characteristics of the three discussed methods together with the capability of the instruments of the dental clinic that are meant to be sterilized (Ayatollahi et al. 2012). The instruments can be sterilized by the following: Autoclaving or steam under pressure- Autoclaving is the most widely used method for sterling those types of instruments, which can tolerate heat as well as moisture. Sterilization by means of steam always needs the exposure of the instruments by keeping them with a direct contact with steam usually at a specific temperature and pressure for a required time for killing a d destroying the microorganisms. Autoclaves are available in different ranges from a small tableside model to a large sized (Laheij et al. 2012). Unsaturated chemical vapor-It involves a similar operating principle like that of the autoclaves but with some significant differences. Like, instead of using the distilled water, the procedure involves heating with a pre-mixed solution. This mixture consists of water and a minimum percentage of formaldehyde, which is 0.23%. Besides that, the temperature and pressure for sterilizing are comparatively higher in comparison to sterilization by autoclaving (Khan et al. 2012). Dry heat- One of the key advantages of this method is that it is cheap. It requires a high temperature and is an extended procedure. Before sterilizing the instruments by this method, it is necessary to dry the instruments. Several dentists have a preference to use dry heat sterilizers in the clinic rather than autoclaving due to the reason that numerous sharp cuttings edges are utilized. Before using, the dry heat sterilizers, the instruction manual should always be checked (Mustafa et al. 2015). The concept of all the sterilization methods along with their procedures is necessary all staff of the dental clinic and in case if they are not familiar with these methods of sterilization, then training and guidance should be provided to them for preventing errors. In addition, the monitoring of sterilization should be carried out on a regular basis by using the biological, chemical and mechanical methods. The monitoring of sterilization can act as a best way for evaluating the conditions of sterilizations together with the effectiveness of the procedures that are carried out for sterilization (Nejatidanesh et al. 2013). Personal Protective Equipment (PPE) Personal protective equipment involves the physical barriers between the healthcare personnel and the potential infectious substance. It helps in preventing and protecting the health care personnel against the materials that are potentially infectious in nature (Haridi et al. 2016). For dental health professionals, the various components of PPE comprise facemasks, show covers, gowns, goggles and gloves. The procedure of using these components should always be determined by the protocols for controlling infection or according to the regulation of the countries. Generally, these equipments are discarded for avoiding the risk of transmitting infections from one patient to the other. PPE is concerned with the prevention of contact with the materials, which are potentially infectious. It creates a physical barrier between the healthcare personnel and the materials that are potentially infectious. According to the Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA), the healthcare personn el for preventing blood-borne infections require PPE. Therefore, the dental staffs should oblige with PPE in their course of work (Oosthuysen, Potgieter and Fossey 2014). Vaccination of the dental staff For ensuring the measures of protection, the dentists need to have vaccination against diseases like hepatitis and diphtheria (Mutters et al. 2014). They dental staff may be exposed to infectious pathogens in the dental clinic. Therefore, they need to receive vaccinations against a number of infectious diseases such as diphtheria, influenza, hepatitis B, rubella and mumps. According to an epidemiological data, the dental staffs are exposed to a number of biological risks in the course of their work and this may result in infections and serious health damage. The practice of vaccination is one of the key tools to prevent the attack of infectious diseases (Bensel et al. 2013). Room decontamination of dental clinic Room decontamination involves the method of categorization of waste in the dental clinic as it helps in avoiding the spreading of microorganisms within as well as out of the dental clinic (Khanghahi et al. 2013). The key requirement of room decontamination is related with the separation of uncontaminated activities with the contaminated ones to minimize the risk of contamination of products, which are sterile. Wastes have been categorized into three types, namely clinical waste, surgical waste and general waste. Clinical wastes have microbes and should be stored in a bin. Surgical waste includes scalpels, needles, endodontic files, broken glass, dental burs and reamers that should be stored in the sharp waste container and should be discarded later on. The general waste can be stored in the general storage bin. It is essential to clean and disinfect the working area at the beginning of the say to the end of the day. All the dental equipments, trays, and the dental chair should be cle aned and disinfected on a daily basis. The dental staff can utilize antiseptic solutions as well as personal protective equipment for ensuring and effective procedure of room decontamination (Haridi et al. 2016). Importance of Cross infection of microorganisms in the dental office In cross contamination, the harmful microorganisms such as viruses and bacteria are transferred from one individual to the other. It can result in severe health complications of the dental staff as well as the patients (Khanghahi et al. 2013). Cross infections depend on the infection source and the body part, which gets affected. In a dental clinic, the transmitting of microorganisms may occur through physical contact, contaminated surgical equipments, sneezing and coughing. This risk of cross infection is more while carrying out medical procedures. It can occur within the body and can spread to the other parts of the body. The most common method for preventing cross infection can be done through aseptic techniques (Hedayati, Marjadi and Askarian 2014). Prevention of contamination between patient and the dental professionals In a dental clinic, the following steps are important in the prevention of contamination between patient and the dental professionals: The dental staff should practice aseptic techniques carefully as it helps in minimizing the the spreading of infections associated with saliva and blood. The instruments of the dental clinic should be organized properly. The dental staff should perform sterilization and disinfection on a daily basis. They should minimize the possible contamination resulting from the dental equipments They should carefully discard the contaminated waste, so that the patients and the dental professionals should not be infected from the pathogens present in the contaminated waste materials. The dental staff must remain healthy and they should be trained in a better to practice the methods for preventing contamination. They must follow the National and local guidelines and must adhere to them for prevent contamination (Webb,Whittle and Schwarz 2015). Conclusion To sum up, all the discussed aspects of infection control procedures in the dental clinic are essential for preventing and avoiding the contamination of patients as well as the staff of the dental clinic with the microorganisms that can cause a number of diseases. The dental professionals must always try to carry out the procedures of infection control for preventing infections and improving the health of the patients who visits the dental clinics. They should always keep one thing in their mind that every patient may be carrier of an infectious pathogen and it can be transmitted to the dental professional and the other patients through contaminated materials and prosthesis. Hence, it is necessary to sterilize and disinfect them before using. On an overall basis, wearing personal protective equipment, room decontamination, sterilization, hand hygiene and vaccination are the most important priorities of the dental prosthetists for minimizing the transmission of microorganisms and prot ecting the patients as well as themselves effectively. References Arrow, P., 2015. Oral health of school children in Western Australia.Australian dental journal. 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